The book has been thoroughly revised and updated in the light of recent advances in the field of education. New chapters have been added on innovation and accountability in education, in order to keep pace with the latest developments in the field of teaching-learning. The problems of introducing innovations in the Indian system of education have also been discussed in detail.The book is meant to be a textbook for B.Ed., M.Ed., M.Phil, and M.A(Education) courses of all universities.