The Aryans were who? From where did they originate? Do they currently reside in India? The Aryan problem has recently received more attention in the fields of academia, society, and politics. This book describes the key characteristics of Aryan civilization and tracks the dissemination of its cultural symbols. The renowned historian R. S. Sharma sheds new light on the ongoing controversy over whether or not the Aryans were India's original occupants by using the most recent archaeological data and the earliest known Indo-European inscriptions on the social and economic aspects of Aryan society. For those interested in the history and culture of India, this book is a must-read.