For the first time the author (Dr.V.P.Varma, President of All India Political Science Association, 1968) has attempted a comprehensive, critical and comparative exposition of the political ideas in India from the times of Panini, Kautilya and Mahabharata to modern times. Political ideas as found in difficult Sanskrit books have been expounded here on the basis of original texts. The legal and political ideas of the medieval Indian writers like Abul Fazal and the political ideas of the Maratha saints and Sikh Gurus have been discussed. It is a fruitful study to analyze the works on Jnanayoga, and Patanjala-yoga, to find out what they have to say with regard to the diagnosis and prognosis of Alienation. In the twentieth century, we are talking about freedom from fear. According to some revolutionaries, the fear of the exploitationist forces of capital is at the root of the misery of the modern man. In this perspective, it is advisable to know about the teachings of the Vedic Rishis on Abhayam (fearlessness) as in author?s other works, historical and political have been expounded here in the broad framework of cosmology, ontology and ethics. A study of the psychological foundation of political thought has also been provided. A comparative study of the Ancient Indian and the Hobbesian-Marxian materialism has also been provided in the Appendix. In this enlarged edition of Ancient and Medieval Indian Political Thought, the intensive, linguistic and theoretical studies of the Bhagavadgita, Kautilya?s Arthashastra and the Manusmriti will provide newer semantic insights to the readers. Jones, T. Ganapati Shastri, Shamashastri, Jolly, Kangle, Tilak, Hopkins Edgerton did not do this kind of work. An Appendix (No.20) on the sociological and political implications of Samkar?s theories will be found useful.