This book is for aspirants appearing for the eligibility test conduct by UGC for lectures/assistant professors in colleges and universities and also awarding for Junior Research Fellowship It is aimed at providing complete and relevant text cum pratice question for Paper1 of this examination Conceptualised and prepared by team of eminent academicians ,this efforts to meet the need for pedagogically sound and comprehensive manual for this examination. It also highly useful for the State Eligibility Test (SET) conducted by various states