Microbiology and biotechnology are rapidly growing and are highly dynamic fields of study and hot fields of research. Microorganisms are living organisms like plants and animals but because of their minute size and omnipresence, performing experiments with microbes require special techniques and equipment apart from good theoretical knowledge about them. This clearly written, easy-to-use, updated and expanded sixth edition provides knowledge about all the five i.e., technique, equipment, principles involved, precautions and expected results. This laboratory manual provides a wide spectrum of 191 exercises covering all aspects of bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses, in addition to genetics, plant pathology, plant tissue culture and mushroom production technology. The exercises are presented in a simple language with explanatory diagrams. Sixteen appendices at the end of the manual provide a reference to the sources for obtaining cultures of microbes, preparation of various stains, reagents, buffers and media in the laboratory, and classification of prokaryotes as per the Bergey?s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition, published in 5 Volumes between 2001 and 2012 and current classification of Kingdom Fungi as per the 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi, 2020. With the inclusion of many more easy-to-follow figures and new exercises and appendices, this edition of the manual will serve as a useful tool not only for the UG and PG students, researchers and teachers of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Environmental Science, Food and Nutrition, Botany, Plant Pathology, Pharmacy, B.Tech., M.Tech., and Nursing but also for industrialists and professionals related to dairy, beverages, food processing, diagnostics, and mushroom producing units at small and large scale.