Artificial intelligence is advancing at an alarming rate. Our responses to them could transform the nature of truth and our relationship to reality, the exploration of knowledge, the physical evolution of humanity, the conduct of diplomacy and war, and the international system. These are the crucial issues of the coming decades. Future Al will facilitate enormous advances in education, healthcare and basic sciences. They could discover new medicines, or new materials to produce cleaner energy. They could predict the occurrence of earthquakes and design evacuation strategies, or revolutionize the availability of education in every language. Powers we have not yet imagined are set to infuse our daily lives - and come with technical and human risks. Today's technologies function in ways that their inventors did not predict, and that pattern is likely to continue. Their future capabilities, running at inhuman speeds, will require a fundamentally new form of control.