The Indian nation's psyche and its borders both meet in Kashmir. The problem is not just geographical; Kashmir also defends the boundaries of thought. If there was any glimmer of hope amid the terrible Partition's looming shadows, it was in Kashmir, where the populace actively rejected the fundamentalist movement's false sense of patriotism and united with secular India rather than theocratic Pakistan. Kashmir was a stabilising force for India, according to Sheikh Abdullah and Jawaharlal Nehru. Why did that harmony fall apart? Why has the blood of revolt soiled the promise? The renowned author of Riot After Riot, The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Making of India, Nehru: The Making of India, and India: The Siege Within, M.J. Akbar