The contents have been strengthened, update and modified to improve clarity and arouse enthusiastic interest in the subject of management. Following the customer-oriented approach, technical and complex vocabulary is reduced to the minimum. Figures, charts, diagrams, models, pictograms, tables, etc., are liberally used to enable the students to capture the essence of concepts and ideas at a glance. While illustrating the principles of management, the emphasis has been laid on Indian management practice based on observations, experience, discussions with both ? teachers and practitioners of management and research-oriented articles. Every effort has been made to strengthen the presentation of the basic principles and practices of management by showing how they have been and are being adapted to the changing demands of our industrial economy. Management problems requiring mechanical analysis have been used to arrive at quantitative answers. For the aid of the students, questions and problems are included at the end of each chapter.