This book explains various social and cultural aspects of human distribution over the earth. In contemporary era, the role of social and cultural factors is immense in shaping human behaviour in every human civilization. During the last fifty years, social and cultural geography opens up new and diverse dimensions in front of researchers for the whole discipline of Geography. Linked with the modernization of cultures, community identity is taking a new shape among our young generation and the development of critical and phenomenological approaches has strengthened these two subfields since the last fifty years. Pointing out its origin and development, this book revolves around the contemporary features of social and cultural elements of any human civilization on the earth. Special aspects like Social processes, Social problems, Globalization and Cultural dimensions of development, technology and cultural change, institutionalization of communities, cultural plurality?all are elaborately discussed. Concepts of transnationalism, cyberculture, impact of new technology and virtual mode of communication are also discussed in depth mentioning their impact on our social structure. Role of social mobility on the creation of a specific regional identity and the concepts of hybrid culture and socio-cultural transformation are also explained in detail. Thus, the book helps in understanding the present social and cultural elements of human civilization and will be of immense value to the students pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Geography.