In this book, Chapter 1 provides detailed description, introduction, nature and scope of Soil Geography. History of development of soil geography, approaches of study of soil geography, nature of soil geography, scope of soil geography are included in first chapter. Chapter 2 explains details about formation of soil, parent material, climate, biota, time and topography. Chapter 3 deals with components of soil, minerals, organic matter, air, water and micro organism. Chapter 4 focuses on characteristics of soil, physical characteristics of soil, density of soil, porosity of soil, soil structures, soil texture, soil colour, soil consistence and soil surface area. It also explains about chemical Characteristics of soil, soil PH and electrical conductivity. Chapter 5 discusses about soil profile, characteristics of soil profile, soil horizons, O horizon, A horizon, B horizon, C horizon and R/D horizon. Types of soils are explained in Chapter 6th which includes alluvial soil, black soil, desert soil, laterite soil, mountainous soil and red soil. Chapter 7 covers erosion, quality and conservation of soil. erosion of soil, erosion by water, erosion by wind, erosion by ice, tillage erosion, artificial erosion (human-being induced), quality of soil and soil Loss, quality of agricultural soil in Nashik District and conservation of soil. Chapter 8 deals with applications and research in soil geography. It covers soil resource inventory in watershed, soil-landscape Analysis: remote sensing approach, issues of the watershed management and soil erosion, deriving erosion model parameters using RS and GIS Future Research Needs. Last Chapter 9 includes soil testing and related aspects.