This festschrift volume has been compiled to honor the distinguished and illustrious career of Professor M.P. Sachdeva. The book was conceived to provide a comprehensive understanding of genetics in anthropology. While human genetics is studied by medical doctors, forensic geneticists, biochemists, and life science researchers, this book aims to describe genetics through an anthropological lens. Until now, there was no platform that provided a holistic approach to genetics in anthropology for students pursuing BSc or MSc in the field. This book represents a modest step towards providing a detailed description of human genetics, starting from its history to chromosomes, DNA technologies and methods, genetic epidemiology, adaptation, and genotype and phenotype interactions in understanding lifestyle diseases.